Gecko [ www.utparral.edu.mx ]

Name	Size	Permission
about.htm	5.13 KB	-rw-r--r--
aboutunicode.htm	6.69 KB	-rw-r--r--
acknowledgments.htm	4.39 KB	-rw-r--r--
advocacy.htm	3.67 KB	-rw-r--r--
ambition.htm	3.52 KB	-rw-r--r--
apireference.htm	4.71 KB	-rw-r--r--
appendmode.htm	4.1 KB	-rw-r--r--
askingforhelp.htm	5.36 KB	-rw-r--r--
build.htm	4.73 KB	-rw-r--r--
choosingtdsprotocol.htm	6.62 KB	-rw-r--r--
config.htm	17.16 KB	-rw-r--r--
configs.htm	4.9 KB	-rw-r--r--
confirminstall.htm	16.33 KB	-rw-r--r--
contrib.htm	5.98 KB	-rw-r--r--
contributors.htm	2.47 KB	-rw-r--r--
ctlib.api.summary.htm	14.88 KB	-rw-r--r--
dblib.api.summary.htm	28.32 KB	-rw-r--r--
domains.htm	6.22 KB	-rw-r--r--
dsnless.htm	5.96 KB	-rw-r--r--
envvar.htm	6.93 KB	-rw-r--r--
freetdsconf.htm	18.39 KB	-rw-r--r--
freetdshistory.htm	4.45 KB	-rw-r--r--
gfdl-10.htm	3.11 KB	-rw-r--r--
gfdl-11.htm	3.32 KB	-rw-r--r--
gfdl-1.htm	5.42 KB	-rw-r--r--
gfdl-2.htm	2.9 KB	-rw-r--r--
gfdl-3.htm	4.18 KB	-rw-r--r--
gfdl-4.htm	7.25 KB	-rw-r--r--
gfdl-5.htm	3.37 KB	-rw-r--r--
gfdl-6.htm	2.83 KB	-rw-r--r--
gfdl-7.htm	3.07 KB	-rw-r--r--
gfdl-8.htm	2.8 KB	-rw-r--r--
gfdl-9.htm	2.6 KB	-rw-r--r--
gfdl.htm	4.46 KB	-rw-r--r--
help.htm	5.31 KB	-rw-r--r--
index.htm	23.65 KB	-rw-r--r--
index.html	23.65 KB	-rw-r--r--
install.htm	5.59 KB	-rw-r--r--
interfacesfile.htm	3.64 KB	-rw-r--r--
interfacesformat.htm	4.71 KB	-rw-r--r--
interfaceslocation.htm	2.45 KB	-rw-r--r--
interfacespurpose.htm	4.83 KB	-rw-r--r--
iso8859.htm	5.31 KB	-rw-r--r--
isolatecause.htm	4.39 KB	-rw-r--r--
kerberos.htm	3.92 KB	-rw-r--r--
light.taper.htm	3.03 KB	-rw-r--r--
linker.conclusion.htm	2.75 KB	-rw-r--r--
linker.how.htm	13.61 KB	-rw-r--r--
linker.library.check.htm	5.31 KB	-rw-r--r--
locales.htm	6.89 KB	-rw-r--r--
localization.htm	11.32 KB	-rw-r--r--
logging.htm	7.35 KB	-rw-r--r--
mailinglist.htm	4.1 KB	-rw-r--r--
name.lookup.htm	4.14 KB	-rw-r--r--
odbc.api.summary.htm	16.65 KB	-rw-r--r--
odbcconnattr.htm	7.31 KB	-rw-r--r--
odbcdiagnose.htm	8.88 KB	-rw-r--r--
odbcinionly.htm	3.47 KB	-rw-r--r--
odbcombo.htm	4.44 KB	-rw-r--r--
osissues.htm	10.13 KB	-rw-r--r--
packages.htm	4.43 KB	-rw-r--r--
pagenodata.htm	5.88 KB	-rw-r--r--
perl.htm	7.36 KB	-rw-r--r--
php.htm	7.73 KB	-rw-r--r--
portoverride.htm	3.86 KB	-rw-r--r--
prepodbc.htm	9.89 KB	-rw-r--r--
programming.htm	2.76 KB	-rw-r--r--
projects.htm	11.26 KB	-rw-r--r--
python.htm	4.01 KB	-rw-r--r--
qt.htm	2.69 KB	-rw-r--r--
rtl.define.library.htm	8.43 KB	-rw-r--r--
rtl.htm	7.22 KB	-rw-r--r--
samplecode.htm	48.19 KB	-rw-r--r--
seemtooslow.htm	4.72 KB	-rw-r--r--
serverthere.htm	6.59 KB	-rw-r--r--
software.htm	5.79 KB	-rw-r--r--
stunnel.htm	4.11 KB	-rw-r--r--
sybsql.htm	4.56 KB	-rw-r--r--
tdshistory.htm	5.16 KB	-rw-r--r--
tdspool.htm	7.72 KB	-rw-r--r--
troubleshooting.htm	10.84 KB	-rw-r--r--
unicodefreetds.htm	4.96 KB	-rw-r--r--
unicodegoodbad.htm	4.99 KB	-rw-r--r--
unicode.htm	4.07 KB	-rw-r--r--
unicodeutf.htm	5.32 KB	-rw-r--r--
uodbc.htm	5.7 KB	-rw-r--r--
uothread.htm	3.19 KB	-rw-r--r--
usefreetds.htm	6.26 KB	-rw-r--r--
userguide.css	295 B	-rw-r--r--
what.htm	7.85 KB	-rw-r--r--

Code Editor : aboutunicode.htm

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd">
<HTML
><HEAD
><TITLE
>About Unicode, UCS-2, and UTF-8</TITLE
><META
NAME="GENERATOR"
CONTENT="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.79"><LINK
REL="HOME"
TITLE="FreeTDS User Guide"
HREF="index.htm"><LINK
REL="PREVIOUS"
TITLE="What it looks like"
HREF="interfacesformat.htm"><LINK
REL="NEXT"
TITLE="ISO 8859: What everyone would like to forget"
HREF="iso8859.htm"><LINK
REL="STYLESHEET"
TYPE="text/css"
HREF="userguide.css"><META
HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Type"
CONTENT="text/html; charset=utf-8"></HEAD
><BODY
CLASS="APPENDIX"
BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"
TEXT="#000000"
LINK="#0000FF"
VLINK="#840084"
ALINK="#0000FF"
><DIV
CLASS="NAVHEADER"
><TABLE
SUMMARY="Header navigation table"
WIDTH="100%"
BORDER="0"
CELLPADDING="0"
CELLSPACING="0"
><TR
><TH
COLSPAN="3"
ALIGN="center"
><SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>FreeTDS</SPAN
> User Guide: A Guide to Installing, Configuring, and Running <SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>FreeTDS</SPAN
></TH
></TR
><TR
><TD
WIDTH="10%"
ALIGN="left"
VALIGN="bottom"
><A
HREF="interfacesformat.htm"
ACCESSKEY="P"
>Prev</A
></TD
><TD
WIDTH="80%"
ALIGN="center"
VALIGN="bottom"
></TD
><TD
WIDTH="10%"
ALIGN="right"
VALIGN="bottom"
><A
HREF="iso8859.htm"
ACCESSKEY="N"
>Next</A
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
><HR
ALIGN="LEFT"
WIDTH="100%"></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="APPENDIX"
><H1
><A
NAME="ABOUTUNICODE"
></A
>Appendix C. About Unicode, UCS-2, and UTF-8</H1
><DIV
CLASS="TOC"
><DL
><DT
><B
>Table of Contents</B
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="aboutunicode.htm#ASCII"
><ACRONYM
CLASS="ACRONYM"
>ASCII</ACRONYM
>: What everyone knows</A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="iso8859.htm"
>ISO 8859: What everyone would like to forget</A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="unicode.htm"
>Unicode: East meets West</A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="unicodegoodbad.htm"
>Unicode's Pluses and Minuses</A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="unicodeutf.htm"
>Unicode Transformation Format: UTF-8</A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="unicodefreetds.htm"
>Unicode and FreeTDS</A
></DT
></DL
></DIV
><P
>For better or worse, <SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>FreeTDS</SPAN
> brings the otherwise innocent programmer into contact with the arcane business of how data are stored and transported.  <SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>FreeTDS</SPAN
> is a data communications library that of course connects to databases, which are charged with storing information in a way that is neutral to all architectures and languages.  On the surface, that might not seem very complex, even worth discussing.  Under the surface, things are not so simple.</P
><DIV
CLASS="SECTION"
><H1
CLASS="SECTION"
><A
NAME="ASCII"
><ACRONYM
CLASS="ACRONYM"
>ASCII</ACRONYM
>: What everyone knows</A
></H1
><P
>The world we are all familiar with, programmingwise, is <ACRONYM
CLASS="ACRONYM"
>ASCII</ACRONYM
>.  Our email (mostly), our <SPAN
CLASS="QUOTE"
>"text"</SPAN
> files, our web pages (mostly), all use <ACRONYM
CLASS="ACRONYM"
>ASCII</ACRONYM
> to represent English (or English-like) text. Perhaps because <A
HREF="http://czyborra.com/charsets/iso646.html"
TARGET="_top"
><ACRONYM
CLASS="ACRONYM"
>ASCII</ACRONYM
></A
> <A
NAME="AEN6788"
HREF="#FTN.AEN6788"
><SPAN
CLASS="footnote"
>[1]</SPAN
></A
>  was standardized back in 1972 by the ISO, it seems like the <SPAN
CLASS="QUOTE"
>"natural"</SPAN
> way to store information.  But let's look under the hood a little bit, and examine our assumptions.</P
><P
>Our so-called <SPAN
CLASS="QUOTE"
>"text"</SPAN
> files are nothing special, nothing but a little agreement we enter into with our operating system.  The only reason we can <SPAN
CLASS="QUOTE"
>"read"</SPAN
> them with <B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>cat</B
> or <B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>vi</B
> is that the operating system and its tools are in on the agreement.  A file is only a stream of bytes, after all, no more <SPAN
CLASS="QUOTE"
>"text"</SPAN
> than an executable.  The only thing distinguishing a <SPAN
CLASS="QUOTE"
>"text"</SPAN
> file from any other, is our understanding to treat it like one.  We agree that the number 65 will represent the letter <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>A</TT
>, 66, <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>B</TT
>, and so on, 127 values in all.  See <B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>man ascii</B
> for further details.</P
><P
>The important thing to understand is that the designation of 65 for <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>A</TT
> and so on is a choice.  It's an <SPAN
CLASS="emphasis"
><I
CLASS="EMPHASIS"
>encoding standard</I
></SPAN
>, made necessary by the old simple fact that computers store numbers, not letters.  <ACRONYM
CLASS="ACRONYM"
>ASCII</ACRONYM
> is so ubiquitous these days that it's hard sometimes to remember there was a time when it was but one of a set of competing encoding standards.  Others you probably have heard of include <ACRONYM
CLASS="ACRONYM"
>EBCDIC</ACRONYM
> and the Baudot systems, but they are by no means the only historical alternatives, nor the only modern ones.</P
><DIV
CLASS="SECTION"
><H2
CLASS="SECTION"
><A
NAME="ASCIICOMPACT"
>The <ACRONYM
CLASS="ACRONYM"
>ASCII</ACRONYM
> Compact</A
></H2
><P
>UNIX&reg; and unix-like systems bought into <ACRONYM
CLASS="ACRONYM"
>ASCII</ACRONYM
> big time.  Program code, filenames, string constants (and variables), configuration files, everything but everything is encoded in <ACRONYM
CLASS="ACRONYM"
>ASCII</ACRONYM
>.  Practically every utility, command, and library assumes the <SPAN
CLASS="QUOTE"
>"text"</SPAN
> data will be <ACRONYM
CLASS="ACRONYM"
>ASCII</ACRONYM
>. At the dawn of the 21<SUP
>st</SUP
> century, there is widespread recognition that <ACRONYM
CLASS="ACRONYM"
>ASCII</ACRONYM
> will no longer suffice, but the art of upgrading all the computers and computer programmers is, well, an unfinished work.</P
></DIV
></DIV
></DIV
><H3
CLASS="FOOTNOTES"
>Notes</H3
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
CLASS="FOOTNOTES"
WIDTH="100%"
><TR
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="TOP"
WIDTH="5%"
><A
NAME="FTN.AEN6788"
HREF="aboutunicode.htm#AEN6788"
><SPAN
CLASS="footnote"
>[1]</SPAN
></A
></TD
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="TOP"
WIDTH="95%"
><P
>czyborra.com is offline at the time of this writing (December 2003).  It contained good information, so it's still included here, in case it comes back to life.</P
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
><DIV
CLASS="NAVFOOTER"
><HR
ALIGN="LEFT"
WIDTH="100%"><TABLE
SUMMARY="Footer navigation table"
WIDTH="100%"
BORDER="0"
CELLPADDING="0"
CELLSPACING="0"
><TR
><TD
WIDTH="33%"
ALIGN="left"
VALIGN="top"
><A
HREF="interfacesformat.htm"
ACCESSKEY="P"
>Prev</A
></TD
><TD
WIDTH="34%"
ALIGN="center"
VALIGN="top"
><A
HREF="index.htm"
ACCESSKEY="H"
>Home</A
></TD
><TD
WIDTH="33%"
ALIGN="right"
VALIGN="top"
><A
HREF="iso8859.htm"
ACCESSKEY="N"
>Next</A
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
WIDTH="33%"
ALIGN="left"
VALIGN="top"
>What it looks like</TD
><TD
WIDTH="34%"
ALIGN="center"
VALIGN="top"
>&nbsp;</TD
><TD
WIDTH="33%"
ALIGN="right"
VALIGN="top"
>ISO 8859: What everyone would like to forget</TD
></TR
></TABLE
></DIV
></BODY
></HTML
>

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Code Editor : aboutunicode.htm