Linux ns1.utparral.edu.mx 6.8.0-79-generic #79~22.04.1-Ubuntu SMP PREEMPT_DYNAMIC Fri Aug 15 16:54:53 UTC 2 x86_64
Apache/2.4.58 (Unix) OpenSSL/1.1.1w PHP/8.2.12 mod_perl/2.0.12 Perl/v5.34.1
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[ HOME SHELL ]
Name
Size
Permission
Action
asn1parse.1
10.95
KB
-rw-r--r--
autopoint.1
1.25
KB
-rw-r--r--
bmp2tiff.1
2.7
KB
-rw-r--r--
bsqldb.1
3.46
KB
-rw-r--r--
bsqlodbc.1
2.44
KB
-rw-r--r--
ca.1
32.7
KB
-rw-r--r--
CA.pl.1
12.08
KB
-rw-r--r--
ciphers.1
37.32
KB
-rw-r--r--
cjpeg.1
13.58
KB
-rw-r--r--
cms.1
31.95
KB
-rw-r--r--
corelist.1
9.57
KB
-rw-r--r--
cpan.1
13.56
KB
-rw-r--r--
c_rehash.1
8.57
KB
-rw-r--r--
crl.1
7.5
KB
-rw-r--r--
crl2pkcs7.1
7.27
KB
-rw-r--r--
curl.1
115.49
KB
-rw-r--r--
curl-config.1
4.1
KB
-rw-r--r--
cwebp.1
12.42
KB
-rw-r--r--
datacopy.1
2.49
KB
-rw-r--r--
dbilogstrip.1
5.25
KB
-r--r--r--
dbiprof.1
8.13
KB
-r--r--r--
dbiproxy.1
9.43
KB
-r--r--r--
defncopy.1
2.7
KB
-rw-r--r--
derb.1
4.8
KB
-rw-r--r--
dgst.1
11.63
KB
-rw-r--r--
dhparam.1
9.1
KB
-rw-r--r--
djpeg.1
7.57
KB
-rw-r--r--
dsa.1
9.78
KB
-rw-r--r--
dsaparam.1
7.82
KB
-rw-r--r--
dwebp.1
4.66
KB
-rw-r--r--
ec.1
10.64
KB
-rw-r--r--
ecparam.1
9.96
KB
-rw-r--r--
enc.1
19.46
KB
-rw-r--r--
enc2xs.1
12.59
KB
-rw-r--r--
encguess.1
6.07
KB
-rw-r--r--
engine.1
7.18
KB
-rw-r--r--
envsubst.1
1.79
KB
-rw-r--r--
errstr.1
4.97
KB
-rw-r--r--
fax2ps.1
4.62
KB
-rw-r--r--
fax2tiff.1
7.78
KB
-rw-r--r--
fisql.1
4.54
KB
-rw-r--r--
flex.1
3.63
KB
-rw-r--r--
freebcp.1
6.12
KB
-rw-r--r--
ftpasswd.1
916
B
-rw-r--r--
ftpcount.1
1.65
KB
-rw-r--r--
ftpmail.1
3.44
KB
-rw-r--r--
ftpquota.1
958
B
-rw-r--r--
ftptop.1
2.16
KB
-rw-r--r--
ftpwho.1
2.15
KB
-rw-r--r--
genbrk.1
2.89
KB
-rw-r--r--
gencfu.1
2.4
KB
-rw-r--r--
gencnval.1
2.34
KB
-rw-r--r--
gendict.1
3.32
KB
-rw-r--r--
gendsa.1
6.96
KB
-rw-r--r--
genpkey.1
15.69
KB
-rw-r--r--
genrb.1
3.82
KB
-rw-r--r--
genrsa.1
8.06
KB
-rw-r--r--
GET.1
9.36
KB
-r--r--r--
gettext.1
2.1
KB
-rw-r--r--
gettextize.1
1.5
KB
-rw-r--r--
gif2tiff.1
2.55
KB
-rw-r--r--
h2load.1
12.65
KB
-rw-r--r--
h2ph.1
7.53
KB
-rw-r--r--
h2xs.1
20.31
KB
-rw-r--r--
HEAD.1
9.36
KB
-r--r--r--
iconv.1
4.13
KB
-rw-r--r--
icu-config.1
7.28
KB
-rw-r--r--
instmodsh.1
4.27
KB
-r--r--r--
jpegtran.1
9.79
KB
-rw-r--r--
json_pp.1
6.88
KB
-rw-r--r--
ldapadd.1
8.66
KB
-rw-r--r--
ldapcompare.1
6.58
KB
-rw-r--r--
ldapdelete.1
6.61
KB
-rw-r--r--
ldapexop.1
6.06
KB
-rw-r--r--
ldapmodify.1
8.66
KB
-rw-r--r--
ldapmodrdn.1
6.78
KB
-rw-r--r--
ldappasswd.1
5.85
KB
-rw-r--r--
ldapsearch.1
13.99
KB
-rw-r--r--
ldapurl.1
4.05
KB
-rw-r--r--
ldapwhoami.1
4.91
KB
-rw-r--r--
libnetcfg.1
5.71
KB
-rw-r--r--
list.1
6.35
KB
-rw-r--r--
lwp-download.1
5.51
KB
-r--r--r--
lwp-mirror.1
4.95
KB
-r--r--r--
lwp-request.1
9.37
KB
-r--r--r--
lwp-rget.1
8.61
KB
-r--r--r--
makeconv.1
3.28
KB
-rw-r--r--
msgattrib.1
4.25
KB
-rw-r--r--
msgcat.1
4.22
KB
-rw-r--r--
msgcmp.1
2.23
KB
-rw-r--r--
msgcomm.1
3.98
KB
-rw-r--r--
msgconv.1
3.12
KB
-rw-r--r--
msgen.1
3.17
KB
-rw-r--r--
msgexec.1
2.1
KB
-rw-r--r--
msgfilter.1
3.67
KB
-rw-r--r--
msgfmt.1
5.93
KB
-rw-r--r--
msggrep.1
5.11
KB
-rw-r--r--
msginit.1
2.6
KB
-rw-r--r--
msgmerge.1
4.9
KB
-rw-r--r--
msgunfmt.1
3.91
KB
-rw-r--r--
msguniq.1
3.86
KB
-rw-r--r--
ngettext.1
2.14
KB
-rw-r--r--
nghttp.1
8.54
KB
-rw-r--r--
nghttpd.1
5.27
KB
-rw-r--r--
nghttpx.1
62.77
KB
-rw-r--r--
nseq.1
6.25
KB
-rw-r--r--
ocsp.1
23.59
KB
-rw-r--r--
openssl.1
21.09
KB
-rw-r--r--
openssl-asn1parse.1
10.95
KB
-rw-r--r--
openssl-ca.1
32.7
KB
-rw-r--r--
openssl-ciphers.1
37.32
KB
-rw-r--r--
openssl-cms.1
31.95
KB
-rw-r--r--
openssl-c_rehash.1
8.57
KB
-rw-r--r--
openssl-crl.1
7.5
KB
-rw-r--r--
openssl-crl2pkcs7.1
7.27
KB
-rw-r--r--
openssl-dgst.1
11.63
KB
-rw-r--r--
openssl-dhparam.1
9.1
KB
-rw-r--r--
openssl-dsa.1
9.78
KB
-rw-r--r--
openssl-dsaparam.1
7.82
KB
-rw-r--r--
openssl-ec.1
10.64
KB
-rw-r--r--
openssl-ecparam.1
9.96
KB
-rw-r--r--
openssl-enc.1
19.46
KB
-rw-r--r--
openssl-engine.1
7.18
KB
-rw-r--r--
openssl-errstr.1
4.97
KB
-rw-r--r--
openssl-gendsa.1
6.96
KB
-rw-r--r--
openssl-genpkey.1
15.69
KB
-rw-r--r--
openssl-genrsa.1
8.06
KB
-rw-r--r--
openssl-list.1
6.35
KB
-rw-r--r--
openssl-nseq.1
6.25
KB
-rw-r--r--
openssl-ocsp.1
23.59
KB
-rw-r--r--
openssl-passwd.1
7.18
KB
-rw-r--r--
openssl-pkcs12.1
17.9
KB
-rw-r--r--
openssl-pkcs7.1
7.11
KB
-rw-r--r--
openssl-pkcs8.1
15.66
KB
-rw-r--r--
openssl-pkey.1
8.81
KB
-rw-r--r--
openssl-pkeyparam.1
6.18
KB
-rw-r--r--
openssl-pkeyutl.1
15.88
KB
-rw-r--r--
openssl-prime.1
5.38
KB
-rw-r--r--
openssl-rand.1
6.68
KB
-rw-r--r--
openssl-rehash.1
8.57
KB
-rw-r--r--
openssl-req.1
29.78
KB
-rw-r--r--
openssl-rsa.1
10.42
KB
-rw-r--r--
openssl-rsautl.1
10.7
KB
-rw-r--r--
openssl-s_client.1
36.29
KB
-rw-r--r--
openssl-sess_id.1
8.86
KB
-rw-r--r--
openssl-smime.1
23.06
KB
-rw-r--r--
openssl-speed.1
7.02
KB
-rw-r--r--
openssl-spkac.1
8.53
KB
-rw-r--r--
openssl-srp.1
5.8
KB
-rw-r--r--
openssl-s_server.1
34.3
KB
-rw-r--r--
openssl-s_time.1
12.1
KB
-rw-r--r--
openssl-storeutl.1
7.48
KB
-rw-r--r--
openssl-ts.1
28.03
KB
-rw-r--r--
openssl-tsget.1
11.17
KB
-rw-r--r--
openssl-verify.1
33.23
KB
-rw-r--r--
openssl-version.1
5.36
KB
-rw-r--r--
openssl-x509.1
37.6
KB
-rw-r--r--
osql.1
2.07
KB
-rw-r--r--
pal2rgb.1
3.23
KB
-rw-r--r--
passwd.1
7.18
KB
-rw-r--r--
pcre-config.1
2.67
KB
-rw-r--r--
pcregrep.1
34.62
KB
-rw-r--r--
pcretest.1
48.1
KB
-rw-r--r--
perl.1
22.94
KB
-rw-r--r--
perl5004delta.1
72.94
KB
-rw-r--r--
perl5005delta.1
46.75
KB
-rw-r--r--
perl5100delta.1
74.08
KB
-rw-r--r--
perl5101delta.1
63.75
KB
-rw-r--r--
perl5120delta.1
114.62
KB
-rw-r--r--
perl5121delta.1
14.79
KB
-rw-r--r--
perl5122delta.1
14.99
KB
-rw-r--r--
perl5123delta.1
8.44
KB
-rw-r--r--
perl5124delta.1
7.97
KB
-rw-r--r--
perl5125delta.1
13.17
KB
-rw-r--r--
perl5140delta.1
172.4
KB
-rw-r--r--
perl5141delta.1
13.13
KB
-rw-r--r--
perl5142delta.1
12.09
KB
-rw-r--r--
perl5143delta.1
12.8
KB
-rw-r--r--
perl5144delta.1
11.68
KB
-rw-r--r--
perl5160delta.1
157
KB
-rw-r--r--
perl5161delta.1
10.71
KB
-rw-r--r--
perl5162delta.1
7.83
KB
-rw-r--r--
perl5163delta.1
8.44
KB
-rw-r--r--
perl5180delta.1
140.84
KB
-rw-r--r--
perl5181delta.1
11.06
KB
-rw-r--r--
perl5182delta.1
9.68
KB
-rw-r--r--
perl5184delta.1
8.88
KB
-rw-r--r--
perl5200delta.1
130.86
KB
-rw-r--r--
perl5201delta.1
15.78
KB
-rw-r--r--
perl5202delta.1
17.12
KB
-rw-r--r--
perl5203delta.1
14.02
KB
-rw-r--r--
perl5220delta.1
150.37
KB
-rw-r--r--
perl5221delta.1
15.59
KB
-rw-r--r--
perl5222delta.1
17.84
KB
-rw-r--r--
perl5223delta.1
13.16
KB
-rw-r--r--
perl5224delta.1
8.87
KB
-rw-r--r--
perl5240delta.1
77.32
KB
-rw-r--r--
perl5241delta.1
12.95
KB
-rw-r--r--
perl5242delta.1
8.54
KB
-rw-r--r--
perl5243delta.1
16.24
KB
-rw-r--r--
perl5244delta.1
8.98
KB
-rw-r--r--
perl5260delta.1
111.52
KB
-rw-r--r--
perl5261delta.1
12.66
KB
-rw-r--r--
perl5262delta.1
12.65
KB
-rw-r--r--
perl5263delta.1
11.33
KB
-rw-r--r--
perl5280delta.1
84.7
KB
-rw-r--r--
perl5281delta.1
9.09
KB
-rw-r--r--
perl5282delta.1
10.84
KB
-rw-r--r--
perl5283delta.1
9.63
KB
-rw-r--r--
perl5300delta.1
49.94
KB
-rw-r--r--
perl5301delta.1
10.21
KB
-rw-r--r--
perl5302delta.1
9.15
KB
-rw-r--r--
perl5303delta.1
9.51
KB
-rw-r--r--
perl5320delta.1
65.25
KB
-rw-r--r--
perl5321delta.1
11.58
KB
-rw-r--r--
perl5340delta.1
44.49
KB
-rw-r--r--
perl5341delta.1
8.27
KB
-rw-r--r--
perl561delta.1
156.54
KB
-rw-r--r--
perl56delta.1
136.21
KB
-rw-r--r--
perl581delta.1
48.95
KB
-rw-r--r--
perl582delta.1
9.06
KB
-rw-r--r--
perl583delta.1
11.52
KB
-rw-r--r--
perl584delta.1
13.05
KB
-rw-r--r--
perl585delta.1
10.35
KB
-rw-r--r--
perl586delta.1
9.2
KB
-rw-r--r--
perl587delta.1
13.86
KB
-rw-r--r--
perl588delta.1
34.69
KB
-rw-r--r--
perl589delta.1
70.59
KB
-rw-r--r--
perl58delta.1
132.11
KB
-rw-r--r--
perlaix.1
26.98
KB
-rw-r--r--
perlamiga.1
11.37
KB
-rw-r--r--
perlandroid.1
12.94
KB
-rw-r--r--
perlapi.1
901.39
KB
-rw-r--r--
perlapio.1
26.41
KB
-rw-r--r--
perlartistic.1
11.5
KB
-rw-r--r--
perlbook.1
14.63
KB
-rw-r--r--
perlboot.1
4.19
KB
-rw-r--r--
perlbot.1
4.2
KB
-rw-r--r--
perlbs2000.1
13.07
KB
-rw-r--r--
perlbug.1
15.89
KB
-rw-r--r--
perlcall.1
66.92
KB
-rw-r--r--
perlcheat.1
8.59
KB
-rw-r--r--
perlclib.1
14.84
KB
-rw-r--r--
perlcn.1
8.21
KB
-rw-r--r--
perlcommunity.1
11.48
KB
-rw-r--r--
perlcygwin.1
34.92
KB
-rw-r--r--
perldata.1
59.36
KB
-rw-r--r--
perldbmfilter.1
9.6
KB
-rw-r--r--
perldebguts.1
51.63
KB
-rw-r--r--
perldebtut.1
29.77
KB
-rw-r--r--
perldebug.1
51.21
KB
-rw-r--r--
perldelta.1
8.26
KB
-rw-r--r--
perldeprecation.1
29.46
KB
-rw-r--r--
perldiag.1
401.65
KB
-rw-r--r--
perldoc.1
15.24
KB
-rw-r--r--
perldocstyle.1
53.28
KB
-rw-r--r--
perldos.1
15.76
KB
-rw-r--r--
perldsc.1
32.83
KB
-rw-r--r--
perldtrace.1
13.28
KB
-rw-r--r--
perlebcdic.1
97.39
KB
-rw-r--r--
perlembed.1
45.84
KB
-rw-r--r--
perlexperiment.1
15.46
KB
-rw-r--r--
perlfaq.1
28.79
KB
-rw-r--r--
perlfaq1.1
19.18
KB
-rw-r--r--
perlfaq2.1
14.29
KB
-rw-r--r--
perlfaq3.1
47.17
KB
-rw-r--r--
perlfaq4.1
109.05
KB
-rw-r--r--
perlfaq5.1
67.54
KB
-rw-r--r--
perlfaq6.1
49.07
KB
-rw-r--r--
perlfaq7.1
46.93
KB
-rw-r--r--
perlfaq8.1
62.56
KB
-rw-r--r--
perlfaq9.1
21.11
KB
-rw-r--r--
perlfilter.1
28.15
KB
-rw-r--r--
perlfork.1
18.88
KB
-rw-r--r--
perlform.1
22.32
KB
-rw-r--r--
perlfreebsd.1
5.63
KB
-rw-r--r--
perlfunc.1
433.03
KB
-rw-r--r--
perlgit.1
38.47
KB
-rw-r--r--
perlglossary.1
160.35
KB
-rw-r--r--
perlgov.1
19.15
KB
-rw-r--r--
perlgpl.1
17.94
KB
-rw-r--r--
perlguts.1
195.97
KB
-rw-r--r--
perlhack.1
52.01
KB
-rw-r--r--
perlhacktips.1
68.2
KB
-rw-r--r--
perlhacktut.1
10.88
KB
-rw-r--r--
perlhaiku.1
5.37
KB
-rw-r--r--
perlhist.1
64.26
KB
-rw-r--r--
perlhpux.1
37.33
KB
-rw-r--r--
perlhurd.1
5.96
KB
-rw-r--r--
perlintern.1
113.25
KB
-rw-r--r--
perlinterp.1
42.17
KB
-rw-r--r--
perlintro.1
28.76
KB
-rw-r--r--
perliol.1
45.31
KB
-rw-r--r--
perlipc.1
81.15
KB
-rw-r--r--
perlirix.1
8.84
KB
-rw-r--r--
perlivp.1
7.07
KB
-rw-r--r--
perljp.1
10.94
KB
-rw-r--r--
perlko.1
12.65
KB
-rw-r--r--
perllexwarn.1
4.29
KB
-rw-r--r--
perllinux.1
6.01
KB
-rw-r--r--
perllocale.1
88.6
KB
-rw-r--r--
perllol.1
14.78
KB
-rw-r--r--
perlmacos.1
4.83
KB
-rw-r--r--
perlmacosx.1
16.85
KB
-rw-r--r--
perlmod.1
33.42
KB
-rw-r--r--
perlmodinstall.1
15.45
KB
-rw-r--r--
perlmodlib.1
102.87
KB
-rw-r--r--
perlmodstyle.1
28.83
KB
-rw-r--r--
perlmroapi.1
7.66
KB
-rw-r--r--
perlnetware.1
10.88
KB
-rw-r--r--
perlnewmod.1
16.12
KB
-rw-r--r--
perlnumber.1
13.46
KB
-rw-r--r--
perlobj.1
44.56
KB
-rw-r--r--
perlootut.1
34.2
KB
-rw-r--r--
perlop.1
176.42
KB
-rw-r--r--
perlopenbsd.1
5.1
KB
-rw-r--r--
perlopentut.1
20.99
KB
-rw-r--r--
perlos2.1
112.91
KB
-rw-r--r--
perlos390.1
22.36
KB
-rw-r--r--
perlos400.1
9.05
KB
-rw-r--r--
perlpacktut.1
62.27
KB
-rw-r--r--
perlperf.1
57.75
KB
-rw-r--r--
perlplan9.1
9.45
KB
-rw-r--r--
perlpod.1
30.4
KB
-rw-r--r--
perlpodspec.1
78.17
KB
-rw-r--r--
perlpodstyle.1
16.93
KB
-rw-r--r--
perlpolicy.1
30.73
KB
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perlport.1
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.\" Automatically generated by Pod::Man 4.14 (Pod::Simple 3.42) .\" .\" Standard preamble: .\" ======================================================================== .de Sp \" Vertical space (when we can't use .PP) .if t .sp .5v .if n .sp .. .de Vb \" Begin verbatim text .ft CW .nf .ne \\$1 .. .de Ve \" End verbatim text .ft R .fi .. .\" Set up some character translations and predefined strings. \*(-- will .\" give an unbreakable dash, \*(PI will give pi, \*(L" will give a left .\" double quote, and \*(R" will give a right double quote. \*(C+ will .\" give a nicer C++. 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Always turn off hyphenation; it makes .\" way too many mistakes in technical documents. .if n .ad l .nh .SH "NAME" perlclib \- Internal replacements for standard C library functions .SH "DESCRIPTION" .IX Header "DESCRIPTION" One thing Perl porters should note is that \fIperl\fR doesn't tend to use that much of the C standard library internally; you'll see very little use of, for example, the \fIctype.h\fR functions in there. This is because Perl tends to reimplement or abstract standard library functions, so that we know exactly how they're going to operate. .PP This is a reference card for people who are familiar with the C library and who want to do things the Perl way; to tell them which functions they ought to use instead of the more normal C functions. .SS "Conventions" .IX Subsection "Conventions" In the following tables: .ie n .IP """t""" 3 .el .IP "\f(CWt\fR" 3 .IX Item "t" is a type. .ie n .IP """p""" 3 .el .IP "\f(CWp\fR" 3 .IX Item "p" is a pointer. .ie n .IP """n""" 3 .el .IP "\f(CWn\fR" 3 .IX Item "n" is a number. .ie n .IP """s""" 3 .el .IP "\f(CWs\fR" 3 .IX Item "s" is a string. .PP \&\f(CW\*(C`sv\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`av\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`hv\*(C'\fR, etc. represent variables of their respective types. .SS "File Operations" .IX Subsection "File Operations" Instead of the \fIstdio.h\fR functions, you should use the Perl abstraction layer. Instead of \f(CW\*(C`FILE*\*(C'\fR types, you need to be handling \f(CW\*(C`PerlIO*\*(C'\fR types. Don't forget that with the new PerlIO layered I/O abstraction \&\f(CW\*(C`FILE*\*(C'\fR types may not even be available. See also the \f(CW\*(C`perlapio\*(C'\fR documentation for more information about the following functions: .PP .Vb 1 \& Instead Of: Use: \& \& stdin PerlIO_stdin() \& stdout PerlIO_stdout() \& stderr PerlIO_stderr() \& \& fopen(fn, mode) PerlIO_open(fn, mode) \& freopen(fn, mode, stream) PerlIO_reopen(fn, mode, perlio) (Dep\- \& recated) \& fflush(stream) PerlIO_flush(perlio) \& fclose(stream) PerlIO_close(perlio) .Ve .SS "File Input and Output" .IX Subsection "File Input and Output" .Vb 1 \& Instead Of: Use: \& \& fprintf(stream, fmt, ...) PerlIO_printf(perlio, fmt, ...) \& \& [f]getc(stream) PerlIO_getc(perlio) \& [f]putc(stream, n) PerlIO_putc(perlio, n) \& ungetc(n, stream) PerlIO_ungetc(perlio, n) .Ve .PP Note that the PerlIO equivalents of \f(CW\*(C`fread\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`fwrite\*(C'\fR are slightly different from their C library counterparts: .PP .Vb 2 \& fread(p, size, n, stream) PerlIO_read(perlio, buf, numbytes) \& fwrite(p, size, n, stream) PerlIO_write(perlio, buf, numbytes) \& \& fputs(s, stream) PerlIO_puts(perlio, s) .Ve .PP There is no equivalent to \f(CW\*(C`fgets\*(C'\fR; one should use \f(CW\*(C`sv_gets\*(C'\fR instead: .PP .Vb 1 \& fgets(s, n, stream) sv_gets(sv, perlio, append) .Ve .SS "File Positioning" .IX Subsection "File Positioning" .Vb 1 \& Instead Of: Use: \& \& feof(stream) PerlIO_eof(perlio) \& fseek(stream, n, whence) PerlIO_seek(perlio, n, whence) \& rewind(stream) PerlIO_rewind(perlio) \& \& fgetpos(stream, p) PerlIO_getpos(perlio, sv) \& fsetpos(stream, p) PerlIO_setpos(perlio, sv) \& \& ferror(stream) PerlIO_error(perlio) \& clearerr(stream) PerlIO_clearerr(perlio) .Ve .SS "Memory Management and String Handling" .IX Subsection "Memory Management and String Handling" .Vb 1 \& Instead Of: Use: \& \& t* p = malloc(n) Newx(p, n, t) \& t* p = calloc(n, s) Newxz(p, n, t) \& p = realloc(p, n) Renew(p, n, t) \& memcpy(dst, src, n) Copy(src, dst, n, t) \& memmove(dst, src, n) Move(src, dst, n, t) \& memcpy(dst, src, sizeof(t)) StructCopy(src, dst, t) \& memset(dst, 0, n * sizeof(t)) Zero(dst, n, t) \& memzero(dst, 0) Zero(dst, n, char) \& free(p) Safefree(p) \& \& strdup(p) savepv(p) \& strndup(p, n) savepvn(p, n) (Hey, strndup doesn\*(Aqt \& exist!) \& \& strstr(big, little) instr(big, little) \& strcmp(s1, s2) strLE(s1, s2) / strEQ(s1, s2) \& / strGT(s1,s2) \& strncmp(s1, s2, n) strnNE(s1, s2, n) / strnEQ(s1, s2, n) \& \& memcmp(p1, p2, n) memNE(p1, p2, n) \& !memcmp(p1, p2, n) memEQ(p1, p2, n) .Ve .PP Notice the different order of arguments to \f(CW\*(C`Copy\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`Move\*(C'\fR than used in \f(CW\*(C`memcpy\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`memmove\*(C'\fR. .PP Most of the time, though, you'll want to be dealing with SVs internally instead of raw \f(CW\*(C`char *\*(C'\fR strings: .PP .Vb 6 \& strlen(s) sv_len(sv) \& strcpy(dt, src) sv_setpv(sv, s) \& strncpy(dt, src, n) sv_setpvn(sv, s, n) \& strcat(dt, src) sv_catpv(sv, s) \& strncat(dt, src) sv_catpvn(sv, s) \& sprintf(s, fmt, ...) sv_setpvf(sv, fmt, ...) .Ve .PP Note also the existence of \f(CW\*(C`sv_catpvf\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`sv_vcatpvfn\*(C'\fR, combining concatenation with formatting. .PP Sometimes instead of zeroing the allocated heap by using \fBNewxz()\fR you should consider \*(L"poisoning\*(R" the data. This means writing a bit pattern into it that should be illegal as pointers (and floating point numbers), and also hopefully surprising enough as integers, so that any code attempting to use the data without forethought will break sooner rather than later. Poisoning can be done using the \fBPoison()\fR macros, which have similar arguments to \fBZero()\fR: .PP .Vb 4 \& PoisonWith(dst, n, t, b) scribble memory with byte b \& PoisonNew(dst, n, t) equal to PoisonWith(dst, n, t, 0xAB) \& PoisonFree(dst, n, t) equal to PoisonWith(dst, n, t, 0xEF) \& Poison(dst, n, t) equal to PoisonFree(dst, n, t) .Ve .SS "Character Class Tests" .IX Subsection "Character Class Tests" There are several types of character class tests that Perl implements. The only ones described here are those that directly correspond to C library functions that operate on 8\-bit characters, but there are equivalents that operate on wide characters, and \s-1UTF\-8\s0 encoded strings. All are more fully described in \*(L"Character classification\*(R" in perlapi and \&\*(L"Character case changing\*(R" in perlapi. .PP The C library routines listed in the table below return values based on the current locale. Use the entries in the final column for that functionality. The other two columns always assume a \s-1POSIX\s0 (or C) locale. The entries in the \s-1ASCII\s0 column are only meaningful for \s-1ASCII\s0 inputs, returning \s-1FALSE\s0 for anything else. Use these only when you \&\fBknow\fR that is what you want. The entries in the Latin1 column assume that the non-ASCII 8\-bit characters are as Unicode defines, them, the same as \s-1ISO\-8859\-1,\s0 often called Latin 1. .PP .Vb 1 \& Instead Of: Use for ASCII: Use for Latin1: Use for locale: \& \& isalnum(c) isALPHANUMERIC(c) isALPHANUMERIC_L1(c) isALPHANUMERIC_LC(c) \& isalpha(c) isALPHA(c) isALPHA_L1(c) isALPHA_LC(u ) \& isascii(c) isASCII(c) isASCII_LC(c) \& isblank(c) isBLANK(c) isBLANK_L1(c) isBLANK_LC(c) \& iscntrl(c) isCNTRL(c) isCNTRL_L1(c) isCNTRL_LC(c) \& isdigit(c) isDIGIT(c) isDIGIT_L1(c) isDIGIT_LC(c) \& isgraph(c) isGRAPH(c) isGRAPH_L1(c) isGRAPH_LC(c) \& islower(c) isLOWER(c) isLOWER_L1(c) isLOWER_LC(c) \& isprint(c) isPRINT(c) isPRINT_L1(c) isPRINT_LC(c) \& ispunct(c) isPUNCT(c) isPUNCT_L1(c) isPUNCT_LC(c) \& isspace(c) isSPACE(c) isSPACE_L1(c) isSPACE_LC(c) \& isupper(c) isUPPER(c) isUPPER_L1(c) isUPPER_LC(c) \& isxdigit(c) isXDIGIT(c) isXDIGIT_L1(c) isXDIGIT_LC(c) \& \& tolower(c) toLOWER(c) toLOWER_L1(c) \& toupper(c) toUPPER(c) .Ve .PP To emphasize that you are operating only on \s-1ASCII\s0 characters, you can append \f(CW\*(C`_A\*(C'\fR to each of the macros in the \s-1ASCII\s0 column: \f(CW\*(C`isALPHA_A\*(C'\fR, \&\f(CW\*(C`isDIGIT_A\*(C'\fR, and so on. .PP (There is no entry in the Latin1 column for \f(CW\*(C`isascii\*(C'\fR even though there is an \f(CW\*(C`isASCII_L1\*(C'\fR, which is identical to \f(CW\*(C`isASCII\*(C'\fR; the latter name is clearer. There is no entry in the Latin1 column for \&\f(CW\*(C`toupper\*(C'\fR because the result can be non\-Latin1. You have to use \&\f(CW\*(C`toUPPER_uvchr\*(C'\fR, as described in \*(L"Character case changing\*(R" in perlapi.) .SS "\fIstdlib.h\fP functions" .IX Subsection "stdlib.h functions" .Vb 1 \& Instead Of: Use: \& \& atof(s) Atof(s) \& atoi(s) grok_atoUV(s, &uv, &e) \& atol(s) grok_atoUV(s, &uv, &e) \& strtod(s, &p) Strtod(s, &p) \& strtol(s, &p, n) Strtol(s, &p, b) \& strtoul(s, &p, n) Strtoul(s, &p, b) .Ve .PP Typical use is to do range checks on \f(CW\*(C`uv\*(C'\fR before casting: .PP .Vb 9 \& int i; UV uv; \& char* end_ptr = input_end; \& if (grok_atoUV(input, &uv, &end_ptr) \& && uv <= INT_MAX) \& i = (int)uv; \& ... /* continue parsing from end_ptr */ \& } else { \& ... /* parse error: not a decimal integer in range 0 .. MAX_IV */ \& } .Ve .PP Notice also the \f(CW\*(C`grok_bin\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`grok_hex\*(C'\fR, and \f(CW\*(C`grok_oct\*(C'\fR functions in \&\fInumeric.c\fR for converting strings representing numbers in the respective bases into \f(CW\*(C`NV\*(C'\fRs. Note that \fBgrok_atoUV()\fR doesn't handle negative inputs, or leading whitespace (being purposefully strict). .PP Note that \fBstrtol()\fR and \fBstrtoul()\fR may be disguised as \fBStrtol()\fR, \fBStrtoul()\fR, \&\fBAtol()\fR, \fBAtoul()\fR. Avoid those, too. .PP In theory \f(CW\*(C`Strtol\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`Strtoul\*(C'\fR may not be defined if the machine perl is built on doesn't actually have strtol and strtoul. But as those 2 functions are part of the 1989 \s-1ANSI C\s0 spec we suspect you'll find them everywhere by now. .PP .Vb 3 \& int rand() double Drand01() \& srand(n) { seedDrand01((Rand_seed_t)n); \& PL_srand_called = TRUE; } \& \& exit(n) my_exit(n) \& system(s) Don\*(Aqt. Look at pp_system or use my_popen. \& \& getenv(s) PerlEnv_getenv(s) \& setenv(s, val) my_setenv(s, val) .Ve .SS "Miscellaneous functions" .IX Subsection "Miscellaneous functions" You should not even \fBwant\fR to use \fIsetjmp.h\fR functions, but if you think you do, use the \f(CW\*(C`JMPENV\*(C'\fR stack in \fIscope.h\fR instead. .PP For \f(CW\*(C`signal\*(C'\fR/\f(CW\*(C`sigaction\*(C'\fR, use \f(CW\*(C`rsignal(signo, handler)\*(C'\fR. .SH "SEE ALSO" .IX Header "SEE ALSO" perlapi, perlapio, perlguts
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